How it started
When the
inventor, entrepreneur and businessman Alfred Nobel died, his will stated that
his fortune was to be used to reward “those who, during the preceding year,
shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.” Nobel’s prize would
reward outstanding efforts in the fields that he was most involved in during
his lifetime: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace.
After his
death, a long process began to realise his vision and the first Nobel Prizes
were awarded in 1901. In 1969, a new prize was established – the
Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Its
addition was an exception, to celebrate the tercentenary of Sweden’s central
bank.
In October every year the new Nobel Prizes and
laureates are announced.
THE MAN
BEHIND THE PRIZE – ALFRED NOBEL
For the greatest
benefit to humankind
Alfred Nobel
was an inventor, entrepreneur, scientist and businessman who also wrote poetry
and drama. His varied interests are reflected in the prize he established and
which he lay the foundation for in 1895 when he wrote his last will, leaving
much of his wealth to the establishment of the prize.
Since 1901,
the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from around the world for
outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine,
literature and for work in peace.
The last will and testament
Alfred Nobel signed his last
will in Paris on November 27, 1895. He specified that the bulk of his fortune
should be divided into five parts and to be used for prizes in physics,
chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace to “those who, during
the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.”
Who we are and what
we do
Alfred Nobel had a vision
of a better world. He believed that people are capable of helping to improve
society through knowledge, science and humanism. This is why he created a prize
that would reward the discoveries that have conferred the greatest benefit to
humankind. Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded in the fields of
physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, while a
memorial prize in economic sciences was added in 1968.
The economic foundations
for the Nobel Prize were laid in 1895, when Alfred Nobel signed his last will
and left much of his wealth to the establishment of a prize and the
subsequent Nobel Foundation, which is tasked with a mission to manage his
fortune and has ultimate responsibility for fulfilling the intentions of
Nobel’s will. In accordance with the instructions Nobel left through his will,
various independent prize-awarding institutions have selected Nobel Prize
laureates in each prize category for more than a century.
Today, there are also several outreach organisations and
activities that have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate
knowledge about the Nobel Prize through events, exhibitions, educational
efforts and digital outreach.
The Nobel Foundation has ultimate
responsibility for fulfilling the intentions in Alfred Nobel’s will.
Prize-awarding institutions
Alfred Nobel specifically designated the institutions responsible for choosing laureates for each prize.
Outreach organisations
Interacting with, and inspiring, the next generation of scientists, discoverers and creative innovators is a key part of what we do.
All
Nobel Prizes
Between 1901 and 2023, the
Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of
Alfred Nobel were awarded 621 times to 1000 people and organisations. With some
receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 965 individuals
and 27 organisations. Below, you can view the full list of Nobel Prizes and
Nobel Prize laureates.
Find all prizes in | physics | chemistry | physiology
or medicine | literature | peace | economic
sciences | all
categories
2024
The 2024 Nobel Prizes will
be announced 7–14 October.
2023
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023
Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier
“for experimental methods that generate
attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2023
Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus and Aleksey Yekimov
“for the discovery and synthesis of quantum
dots”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023
Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman
“for their discoveries concerning nucleoside
base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines
against COVID-19”
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2023
“for his innovative plays and prose which give
voice to the unsayable”
The Nobel Peace Prize 2023
“for her fight against the oppression of women
in Iran and her fight to promote human rights and freedom for all”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of
Alfred Nobel 2023
“for having advanced our understanding of
women’s labour market outcomes”
2022
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger
“for experiments with entangled photons,
establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum
information science”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022
Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and K. Barry Sharpless
“for the development of click chemistry and
bioorthogonal chemistry”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
“for his discoveries concerning the genomes of
extinct hominins and human evolution”
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022
“for the courage and clinical acuity with which
she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal
memory”
The Nobel Peace Prize 2022
Ales Bialiatski, Memorial and Center for Civil Liberties
“The Peace Prize laureates represent civil
society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to
criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made
an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse
of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace
and democracy”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of
Alfred Nobel 2022
Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig
“for research on banks and financial crises”
2021
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021
“for groundbreaking contributions to our
understanding of complex physical systems”
Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann
“for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate,
quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”
“for the discovery of the interplay of disorder
and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021
Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan
“for the development of asymmetric
organocatalysis”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021
David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian
“for their discoveries of receptors for
temperature and touch”
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2021
“for his uncompromising and compassionate
penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the
gulf between cultures and continents”
The Nobel Peace Prize 2021
Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov
“for their efforts to safeguard freedom of
expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of
Alfred Nobel 2021
“for his empirical contributions to labour
economics”
Joshua D. Angrist and Guido W. Imbens
“for their methodological contributions to the
analysis of causal relationships”
2020
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020
“for the discovery that black hole formation is
a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”
Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez
“for the discovery of a supermassive compact
object at the centre of our galaxy”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna
“for the development of a method for genome
editing”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020
Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice
“for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020
“for her unmistakable poetic voice that with
austere beauty makes individual existence universal”
The Nobel Peace Prize 2020
“for its efforts to combat hunger, for its
contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and
for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a
weapon of war and conflict”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of
Alfred Nobel 2020
Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson
“for improvements to auction theory and
inventions of new auction formats”
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/
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